criminal
المقررات الدراسية موسومة بـ "criminal"
Human Rights
Introduction
Human rights are rights we have simply because we exist as human beings - they are not granted by any state. These universal rights are inherent to us all, regardless of nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. This means that we are all equally entitled to our human rights. This principle, as first emphasized in the UDHR - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) - is repeated in many international human rights conventions, declarations, and resolutions.Human rights are the basic rights we all have simply because we are human. A right is a legal entitlement
to something. There are fundamental rights and freedoms that everyone in the UK is entitled to.
Identify what you think counts as a “right” from the list below:
· Money
· Education
· Employment
· Privacy
· Car
· Marriage
· Phone
· Vote
· House
· Life
· Freedom
How Surveillance is Used by Different Public Services
Learn more about how individuals and society are defended and protected. This course is ideal for intermediate learners.
Introduction
Surveillance is close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal. With technology constantly developing and advancing, the surveillance that is used has to stay current and up-to-date.
It is estimated that there are between 4 and 6 million CCTV cameras in the UK alone (at the time of writing). There are over 600,000 cameras just in London. The government recommends keeping CCTV footage for 28 days, although there is no set legal time for storing images. On an average day, a person is caught on CCTV cameras up to 300 times.
Along with cameras, there are other types of surveillance available in the UK too. For example, a person’s location can be tracked through a mobile phone that is turned on – whether the phone is in use or not.
You will learn
- What is surveillance?
- Why do we need surveillance?
- How is surveillance used?
Human Rights and Public Services
Learn about the Human Rights Act 1998 and other legislation to protect your rights as a citizen. This course is ideal for intermediate learners.
Introduction
As normal citizens in the UK we are expected to follow the laws of the country and be good citizens. Members of the public services also have to obey the laws that everyone else does, but they have additional laws to follow because they have additional powers that normal citizens do not have.Every statutory public service in the UK has its own legislation, to describe not only how the service should function but also its limitations and restrictions. Members of the public services should be role models and examples to others. They need to have authority and that can only be achieved if they are good citizens and obey the law themselves.
Human rights are things to which individuals in society are entitled. These rights are laid down in law, so if these rights are violated, then a UK citizen can go to court to seek justice. The principal law in the UK is the Human Rights Act 1998.
Human rights can be split into two sections:
1. Protection
2. Rights or entitlements
You will learn
- Human Rights Act 1998
- Other legislation (law) that protect your rights as a UK citizen
Rights within the Criminal Justice System
Learn more about rights within the criminal justice system. This course is ideal for intermediate learners.
Introduction
As we look at how Public Services support the rights and responsibilities of citizens, it is important to understand a citizen’s rights in relation to the Public Services.We will now look at the rights of citizens within the criminal justice system.
Every citizen has basic rights, for example if you are arrested you are entitled to legal representation.
Here is some of the information relating to your rights when you’re arrested:· Getting free legal advice
· Telling someone where you are
· Having medical help if you’re feeling ill
· Being given a notice that tells you about your rights
· Access to an interpreter, if needed
· For your possessions to be kept locked away safely
You will learn
- Legal representation
- Legal aid
- A fair trial
Public Services and Legislation
Learn about the legislation surrounding the public sector and equality duty. This course is ideal for intermediate learners.
Introduction
All public services have to comply with the Equality Act 2010 and this states that they must also comply with the public sector equality duty. The equality duty ensures that public services think about how they deliver their services and how this will impact on those who are disadvantaged or within the protected characteristics group.
As with discrimination exceptions, there are situations where public services do not need to comply with these duties. These include the following areas:
Judicial Events – The courts do not need to think about the equality duty when making decisions or when and how they conduct the proceedings.
Age in education or children’s home – Schools do not need to think about how to develop good relationships between pupils of different ages. However they need to consider this between pupils of different religions.
Immigration - When involved in immigration proceedings, public services would not need to think about the advance equality of opportunity (treating one group more favourably than another because of their disadvantage) to those in the following protected groups:
- · Age
- · Religion
- · Race
You will learn
- Public sector equality duty exceptions
- Types of legislation under the equality duty
- Policy and decision making processes
Promoting Good Citizenship
Learn more about the promotion of good citizenship in the public services sector. This course is ideal for intermediate learners.
Introduction
The Public Services view good citizenship as an important part of maintaining a good society.Therefore, Public Services want to maintain good citizenship by:
· Having a desire to improve society
· Protecting individuals
· Protecting the vulnerable
· Contributing to society by getting involved
You will learn
- How public services promote good citizenship
- How when working in public services you will promote good citizenship
Impact of Public Services on Society
Learn about how public services are paid for and their impact on society. This course is ideal for intermediate learners.
Introduction
Why do we have Public Services? Public services often provide goods or services that are not normally provided by the private market. It makes sense that the private sector is not allowed to provide a police or national defence service, as these areas should not be administered for the sake of profitable gain (for money). Although this is not the case for all Public Services, some services are run by private businesses, for example, prisons.
You will learn
- Paying for public services
- How public services are used
- Reforming public services